The history of nanomaterials began immediately after the big bang when Nanostructures were formed in the early meteorites. Nature later evolved many other Nanostructures like seashells, skeletons etc. Nanoscaled smoke particles were formed during the use of fire by early humans. The scientific story of nanomaterials however began much later. One of the first scientific report is the colloidal gold particles synthesised by Michael Faraday as early as 1857. Nanostructured catalysts have also been investigated for over 70 years. By the early 1940’s, precipitated and fumed silica nanoparticles were being manufactured and sold in USA and Germany as substitutes for ultrafine carbon black for rubber
reinforcements.
Nanosized amorphous silica particles have found large-scale applications in many every-day consumer products, ranging from non-diary coffee creamer to automobile tires, optical fibers and catalyst supports. In the 1960s and 1970’s metallic nanopowders for magnetic recording tapes were developed. In 1976, for the first time, nanocrystals produced by the now popular inert- gas evaporation technique was published by Granqvist and Buhrman. Recently it has been found that the Maya blue paint is a nanostructured hybrid material. The origin of its color and its resistance to acids and biocorrosion are still not understood but studies of authentic samples from Jaina Island
show that the material is made of needle-shaped palygorskite (clay) crystals that form a superlattice with a period of 1.4 nm, with intercalates of amorphous silicate substrate containing inclusions of metal (Mg) nanoparticles. The beautiful tone of the blue color is obtained only when both these nanoparticles and the superlattice are present, as has been shown by the fabrication of synthetic samples.
Today nanophase engineering expands in a rapidly growing number of structural and functional materials, both inorganic and organic, allowing to manipulate mechanical, catalytic, electric, magnetic, optical and electronic functions. The production of nanophase or cluster-assembled materials is usually based upon the creation of separated small clusters which then are fused into a bulk-like material or on their embedding into compact liquid or solid matrix materials. e.g. nanophase silicon, which differs from normal silicon in physical and electronic properties, could be applied to macroscopic semiconductor processes to create new devices. For instance, when ordinary glass is
doped with quantized semiconductor ''colloids,'' it becomes a high performance optical medium with potential applications in optical computing.
reinforcements.
Nanosized amorphous silica particles have found large-scale applications in many every-day consumer products, ranging from non-diary coffee creamer to automobile tires, optical fibers and catalyst supports. In the 1960s and 1970’s metallic nanopowders for magnetic recording tapes were developed. In 1976, for the first time, nanocrystals produced by the now popular inert- gas evaporation technique was published by Granqvist and Buhrman. Recently it has been found that the Maya blue paint is a nanostructured hybrid material. The origin of its color and its resistance to acids and biocorrosion are still not understood but studies of authentic samples from Jaina Island
show that the material is made of needle-shaped palygorskite (clay) crystals that form a superlattice with a period of 1.4 nm, with intercalates of amorphous silicate substrate containing inclusions of metal (Mg) nanoparticles. The beautiful tone of the blue color is obtained only when both these nanoparticles and the superlattice are present, as has been shown by the fabrication of synthetic samples.
Today nanophase engineering expands in a rapidly growing number of structural and functional materials, both inorganic and organic, allowing to manipulate mechanical, catalytic, electric, magnetic, optical and electronic functions. The production of nanophase or cluster-assembled materials is usually based upon the creation of separated small clusters which then are fused into a bulk-like material or on their embedding into compact liquid or solid matrix materials. e.g. nanophase silicon, which differs from normal silicon in physical and electronic properties, could be applied to macroscopic semiconductor processes to create new devices. For instance, when ordinary glass is
doped with quantized semiconductor ''colloids,'' it becomes a high performance optical medium with potential applications in optical computing.
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